Urethral Catheter

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A catheter is a medical device used to perform various functions related to fluid drainage or administration within the body. It is a thin, flexible tube made from different materials such as rubber, silicone, or plastic. Catheters come in various types and sizes, each designed for specific medical purposes.
Here are some common types of catheters and their brief descriptions:
Urinary Catheter: Also known as a Foley catheter, this type is used to drain urine from the bladder when a patient is unable to urinate on their own or for certain medical procedures.
Central Venous Catheter (CVC): This type is inserted into a large vein in the chest, neck, or groin and is used to administer medications, fluids, or nutrition directly into the bloodstream.
Peripheral Intravenous Catheter (IV): A short catheter inserted into a peripheral vein, typically in the arm or hand, to deliver medications, fluids, or draw blood for testing.
Nasogastric Tube (NGT): Not a typical catheter, but it is a tube inserted through the nose and down into the stomach to administer nutrition, medications, or remove stomach contents.
Hemodialysis Catheter: Used in patients with kidney failure to connect them to a hemodialysis machine, which filters their blood to remove waste products.
Swan-Ganz Catheter: A specialized catheter used in critical care settings to measure pressures in the heart and pulmonary artery.
It's essential to use catheters with proper medical supervision and training to reduce the risk of complications and infections. Catheterization procedures should always be performed by qualified healthcare professionals.
Composition and Design:
Nelaton catheters are typically made of latex or silicone, which are biocompatible materials. The catheter is designed to be smooth and flexible, allowing for easy insertion through the urethra. It has a rounded, smooth tip to minimize discomfort during insertion. The other end of the catheter has a connector that can be attached to a urine drainage bag or collection system.
 
Indications:
Nelaton catheters are used in various medical situations, including:
 
Urinary Retention: They are often used when a patient is unable to urinate on their own due to conditions like enlarged prostate, bladder dysfunction, or neurological disorders.
Surgery: Nelaton catheters may be inserted during surgical procedures that require urinary diversion to prevent contamination of the surgical field.
Monitoring Output: In critical care settings, catheters help in monitoring urine output to assess kidney function and fluid balance.
Bladder Irrigation: They are also used for bladder irrigation, flushing the bladder with sterile fluids to remove blood clots or debris.
Insertion and Placement:
Inserting a Nelaton catheter should be done by a healthcare professional to minimize the risk of injury or infection. The process involves:
 
Preparation: The patient is positioned comfortably, and a sterile field is set up.
Sterilization: The healthcare provider sterilizes their hands and the catheter, and they may use a lubricating gel to ease insertion.
Insertion: The catheter is gently inserted through the urethra into the bladder until urine starts to flow.
Balloon Inflation (if necessary): In some cases, a balloon near the tip of the catheter is inflated to secure it in the bladder.
Securement: The catheter is usually secured to the patient's leg or abdomen with tape or a catheter securement device.
Connection: The other end of the catheter is connected to a urine collection bag or a drainage system.
Care and Maintenance:
Nelaton catheters require proper care to prevent complications and infection:

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• Foley catheter used for short or long term urine drainage.
• Made up of latex bonded with silicone elastomer which eliminates the risk of encrustation.
• Smooth surface facilitates non-traumatic intubation.
• Distal end is coned and provided with super smooth, burr free eyes for atraumatic intubation.
• Provided with symmetrical large capacity balloon that ensures straight tip for proper urine flow and good sphincter action, preventing bladder leakage.
• Hard non-return valve ensures trouble free inflation and deflation of balloon.
• Valve is colour coded for instant size identification.
• Sterile, ready for use.

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